Estrogen Alone is Effective for Reducing Breast Cancer Risk

Newswise — SAN ANTONIO — While endogenous estrogen (i.e., estrogen produced by ovaries and by other tissues) does have a well-known carcinogenic impact, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) utilizing estrogen alone (the exogenous estrogen) provides a protective effect in reducing breast cancer risk, according to study results presented at the 33rd Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, held Dec. 8-12. 

“Our analysis suggests that, contrary to previous thinking, there is substantial value in bringing HRT with estrogen alone to the guidelines. The data show that for selected women it is not only safe, but potentially beneficial for breast cancer, as well as for many other aspects of women’s health,” said lead researcher Joseph Ragaz, M.D., medical oncologist and clinical professor in the faculty of medicine, School of Population and Public Health at The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

“These findings should intensify new research into its role as a protective agent against breast cancer,” he added.

Ragaz and colleagues reviewed and reanalyzed data from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) hormone replacement therapy trials. WHI is a national health study that focuses on strategies for preventing heart disease, breast and colorectal cancer, and fracture in postmenopausal women. The WHI was launched in 1991 and includes more than 161,000 U.S. women aged 50 to 79 years. 

“Over the last 30 years HRT has been used almost indiscriminately by women expecting the benefit of reducing cardiac risks, while providing a protective effect against bone fracture, and improving overall quality of life,” said Ragaz. “The WHI results as originally interpreted led to a major pendulum swing against HRT.”

The WHI HRT trial consisted of two cohorts of women; the estrogen-alone group of women without a uterus and the estrogen-plus-progestin group of women with a uterus. 

Ragaz and colleagues reanalyzed the WHI studies in more detail and found that subsets of women with no strong family history of breast cancer who received estrogen alone had a significantly reduced breast cancer incidence. In addition, the 75 percent of women without benign disease prior to the trial enrollment also had a reduced breast cancer risk. 

“Reduction of rates of breast cancer in the majority of women who are candidates for estrogen-based HRT is a new finding because estrogen was always linked with a higher incidence of breast cancer,” Ragaz said, “yet estrogen administered exogenously is actually protective for most women.”

Based on the results of this current analysis, Ragaz suggested that “while the use of HRT with estrogen alone may reduce the risk of breast cancer and may also be appropriate to manage menopausal symptoms, further research is warranted to elaborate on the optimum treatment regimen, to refine the selection of ideal candidates for estrogen therapy, and to understand the estrogen mechanisms that support the prevention of human breast cancer.” 

“The recommendations based on prior analyses of the results of the WHI HRT studies was not to use HRT, but we are optimistic this will change,” he said. “Our conclusion, based on the data presented, should enhance considerations for an early approval of HRT based on estrogen-alone for the majority of selected women suffering with menopausal symptoms and galvanize new research on HRT to define the optimum regimens for individual women.”

Source:

http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/571256/?sc=dwhp
regards, taniafdi ^_^

WOMEN, DEPRESSION AND OBESITY: WHAT'S EATING YOU?

Washington, DC (December 14, 2010) — The Society for Women’s Health Research (SWHR) presented the topical Capitol Hill briefing, Holiday Blues: Women, Depression and Obesity on Thursday, December 9, which featured four panelists detailing the links between depression and obesity.

Obesity is the newest health threat due in large part to American’s sedentary lifestyle and poor food choices. Co-morbidities of obesity include depression, heart disease, stroke, type II diabetes, hypertension, some cancers, osteoporosis and more. Sex differences in obesity play a role in fat distribution, higher financial burden on women, and incidence rates. According to the Centers for Disease Control, in 2008 33.2% of females were obese, with a body-mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher.

Belinda Needham, PhD, Assistant Professor and Director of Graduate Studies at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, spoke to the effects of obesity and depression, “17% of women will experience serious depression; females are two times as likely to be depressed as males, and women gain weight faster than men.” Needham presented findings from a community study to gauge the effects of obesity on depression and discovered women had higher BMIs at the start of the study and ended up larger than men at the end of the study. She concluded that depression led to weight gain and not the other way around.

“Elevated depressive symptoms affect over 25% of adolescents, and adolescent girls with elevated depressive symptoms are 2.5 times more likely to develop obesity at a later point in time compared to girls without depressive symptoms,” said Lauren B. Shomaker, PhD, Adjunct Scientist in the Unit on Growth and Obesity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. “Depressive symptoms lead to an increase in stress-induced eating, which results in obesity. And depression is theorized to alter physical fitness by a loss of pleasure in previously enjoyed physical activities.”

Fortunately, there are researchers leading studies to reverse this trend. Jay Breines, Executive Director, Holyoke Health Center, launched a pilot program at his health center in Holyoke, Mass. to combat obesity and teach proper nutrition and exercise habits to high-risk populations. His program integrated physicians, dentists, nurses, outreach workers, and promotoras among many others to provide a full care team for the participants to fight obesity and stop depression from taking hold. Breines closed with an advisory message to fellow community health organizers battling obesity, “We must engage at the community level to save money on our healthcare system.”

Christine Ferguson, Director, STOP Obesity Alliance and Research Professor, George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, outlined the obesity cost burden. Ferguson’s research team found the overall annual costs of being obese are $4879 for an obese woman and $2646 for an obese man. “There is a real, tangible economic impact for those women who are obese in our society,” said Ferguson. Obese women are paid less than average-weight women whereas obese men are paid the same as average-weight men. This can be partly attributed to social stigmatization and the already present gender wage gap.

“The key to obesity policy is to relate more to the health aspect, and less the aesthetic,” said Ferguson. Focusing on health versus looks may decrease depression and boost self-esteem. We need to support programs that target adolescents and teach healthy lifestyle habits in order to stave off depression as well as obesity.

Depression may lead to weight gain and vice versa, thus treatment for either should target both mind and body. Properly training physicians on weight-related issues, providing health and nutrition centers in high-risk communities, and focusing on the health aspects of obesity are just a few more ways to fight the fat and, in turn, defeat depression this holiday season and beyond.

source :

http://www.womenshealthresearch.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=11021

regards, taniafdi ^_^